Odd for TEI based dictionariesEduard Drenth (ed.)

Schema tei_dictionaries: Elements

<article>

<article> An article (determiner) for a noun
Member of	macro.textLike
Contained by	form quote core: note dictionaries: def
May contain	Character data only
Content model	<content> <textNode/> </content>
Schema Declaration	element article { text }

<body>

<body> A body contains a superEntry with entries (for example for homonyms) or one entry
Contained by	text
May contain	entry superEntry
Content model	<content> <alternate> <elementRef key="superEntry"/> <elementRef key="entry"/> </alternate> </content>
Schema Declaration	element body { superEntry \| entry }

<cit>

<cit> A cit is used as a container holding either a quote, forms (@type='translation') or senses (@type='sensegroup'). When @type='translation', multiple quotes are allowed, when @type='collocation' nested cits of @type=example are allowed. All types can be described using a note, for @type='proverb' and @type='collocation' a definition may be added

Attributes

type

Status

Required

Legal values are:

translation: A cit of this type contains a translation of either a form or a text
example: A cit of this type contains an example
collocation: A cit of this type contains collocations of a lemma, possibly with translations and examples
proverb: A cit of this type contains proverbs using a lemma, possibly with translations and examples
sensegroup: A cit of this type contains senses that can be seen as a group

Contained by

cit entry sense

May contain

cit form quote sense

core: note

dictionaries: def

Schematron

<s:report test="(@type='sensegroup' and not(tei:sense)) or (tei:form and @type!='translation') or ((@type='example' or @type='collocation' or @type='proverb') and not(tei:quote))">
<s:value-of select="ancestor::tei:TEI/tei:teiHeader/tei:fileDesc/tei:sourceDesc/tei:msDesc/tei:msIdentifier/tei:idno"/>
: @type=sensegroup requires cit/sense, @type!=translation|sensegroup requires cit/quote,
form requires @type=translation
</s:report>

Schematron

<s:report test="@type='sensegroup' and *[not(self::tei:note or self::tei:sense)]">
<s:value-of select="ancestor::tei:TEI/tei:teiHeader/tei:fileDesc/tei:sourceDesc/tei:msDesc/tei:msIdentifier/tei:idno"/>
: @type=sensegroup may only contain sense and note
</s:report>

Schematron

<s:report test="count(tei:quote) > 1 and @type!='translation'">
<s:value-of select="ancestor::tei:TEI/tei:teiHeader/tei:fileDesc/tei:sourceDesc/tei:msDesc/tei:msIdentifier/tei:idno"/>
: multiple quotes requires @type=translation
</s:report>

Schematron

<s:report test="tei:def and @type!='collocation' and @type!='proverb'">
<s:value-of select="ancestor::tei:TEI/tei:teiHeader/tei:fileDesc/tei:sourceDesc/tei:msDesc/tei:msIdentifier/tei:idno"/>
: def is only for collocation and proverb
</s:report>

Schematron

<s:report test="@type='translation' and not(@xml:lang)">
<s:value-of select="ancestor::tei:TEI/tei:teiHeader/tei:fileDesc/tei:sourceDesc/tei:msDesc/tei:msIdentifier/tei:idno"/>
: translation requires @xml:lang
</s:report>

Schematron

<s:report test="tei:cit/tei:cit/tei:cit">
<s:value-of select="ancestor::tei:TEI/tei:teiHeader/tei:fileDesc/tei:sourceDesc/tei:msDesc/tei:msIdentifier/tei:idno"/>
: maximum nesting depth for cit is 2
</s:report>

Schematron

<s:report test="ancestor::tei:cit and @type!='translation' and @type!='example' and @type!='sensegroup'">
<s:value-of select="ancestor::tei:TEI/tei:teiHeader/tei:fileDesc/tei:sourceDesc/tei:msDesc/tei:msIdentifier/tei:idno"/>
: nested cit must be translation, example or sensegroup
</s:report>

Content model

<content>
 <alternate>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="sense"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <elementRef key="note" minOccurs="0"/>
  </sequence>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="quote"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <elementRef key="def" minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <elementRef key="note" minOccurs="0"/>
   <elementRef key="cit" minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </sequence>
  <sequence>
   <elementRef key="form"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <elementRef key="note" minOccurs="0"/>
  </sequence>
 </alternate>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element cit
{
   attribute type
   {
      "translation" | "example" | "collocation" | "proverb" | "sensegroup"
   },
   ( ( sense+, note? ) | ( quote+, def*, note?, cit* ) | ( form+, note? ) )
}

<def>

<def> A def contains a definition of a sense and may contain text (with hi, q and ref) followed by label, glosses or note.
Module	dictionaries
Contained by	cit sense
May contain	article gram core: note character data
Schematron	<s:report test="not(node())"> <s:value-of select="ancestor::tei:TEI/tei:teiHeader/tei:fileDesc/tei:sourceDesc/tei:msDesc/tei:msIdentifier/tei:idno"/> : def should contain something </s:report>
Content model	<content> <sequence> <macroRef key="macro.textLike" minOccurs="0"/> <elementRef key="etym" minOccurs="0"/> <elementRef key="label" minOccurs="0"/> <elementRef key="gloss" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> <elementRef key="note" minOccurs="0"/> </sequence> </content>
Schema Declaration	element def { macro.textLike?, etym?, label?, gloss*, note? }

<entry>

<entry> An entry contains at least a form, it optionally contains sense(s) of that form and translations, examples, proverbs or collocations in cit elements, also note and ref can be used. Cits directly under an entry are assumed to hold information valid for all senses.
Contained by	body superEntry
May contain	cit form sense core: note
Schematron	<s:assert test="tei:form/@type='lemma'"> <s:value-of select="tei:form/tei:orth"/>: entry/form/@type must be of type "lemma" </s:assert>
Schematron	<s:report test="tei:cit[@type='translation']/tei:quote or tei:sense/tei:cit[@type='translation']/tei:quote"> <s:value-of select="ancestor::tei:TEI/tei:teiHeader/tei:fileDesc/tei:sourceDesc/tei:msDesc/tei:msIdentifier/tei:idno"/> : cit/@type='translation requires form, not quote' <s:value-of select="ancestor::TEI/teiHeader/fileDesc/titleStmt/title"/> </s:report>
Schematron	<s:report test="tei:cit[@type!='translation']/tei:form"> <s:value-of select="tei:cit[@type!='translation']/tei:form/tei:orth"/>: cit/form requires cit/@type='translation' </s:report>
Schematron	<s:report test="tei:sense/tei:cit[@type!='translation']/tei:form"> <s:value-of select="tei:sense/tei:cit[@type!='translation']/tei:form/tei:orth"/>: cit/form requires cit/@type='translation' </s:report>
Content model	<content> <sequence> <elementRef key="form"/> <alternate maxOccurs="unbounded" minOccurs="0"> <elementRef key="note"/> <elementRef key="sense"/> <elementRef key="cit"/> <elementRef key="ref"/> </alternate> </sequence> </content>
Schema Declaration	element entry { form, ( note \| sense \| cit \| ref )* }

<form>

<form> A form contains at least an orth for the word, grammar information in gram elements may be added, for these universal dependencies terminology is used. Several other elements may be used to describe the form, as well as nested form elements for example for paradigm forms. A form may also contain text nodes, q and hi, use of which is discouraged preferably use note instead.

Attributes

att.namekinds (@namekind)

type

Status

Required

Legal values are:

lemma: This type indicates a headword, possibly with nested non-lemma forms
paradigm: This type indicates a paradigm form for the containing lemma, should be within a lemma form, normally doesn't contain nested forms
synonym: This type indicates a synonym form for the containing lemma, should be within a lemma form
variant: This type indicates a variant for the containing lemma, should be within a lemma form
compound: This type indicates a compound for the containing lemma, should be within a lemma form, shouldn't contain nested forms

Contained by

cit entry form sense

May contain

article form gram gramGrp

core: note

Schematron

<s:report test="@namekind and not(@type='lemma')">
<s:value-of select="tei:orth"/>: define @namekind on a lemma form
</s:report>

Schematron

<s:report test="@type='lemma' and parent::tei:form">
<s:value-of select="tei:orth"/>: A lemma form must be at the highest level of a form tree
</s:report>

Schematron

<s:report test="tei:form/tei:form/tei:form">
<s:value-of select="tei:orth"/>: maximum 2 levels of form nesting allowed
</s:report>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="orth"/>
  <alternate>
   <elementRef key="gramGrp" minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
   <elementRef key="gram" minOccurs="0"
    maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
  </alternate>
  <elementRef key="article" minOccurs="0"/>
  <elementRef key="hyph" minOccurs="0"/>
  <alternate minOccurs="0"
   maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <elementRef key="pron"/>
   <elementRef key="stress"/>
   <elementRef key="form"/>
   <elementRef key="etym"/>
   <elementRef key="note"/>
  </alternate>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element form
{
   att.namekinds.attributes,
   attribute type { "lemma" | "paradigm" | "synonym" | "variant" | "compound" },
   (
      orth,
      ( gramGrp* | gram* ),
      article?,
      hyph?,
      ( pron | stress | form | etym | note )*
   )
}

<gram>

<gram> A gram provides grammar information for a form using universal dependencies terminology. No @type is used for the category, this simplifies querying and makes an index possible
Member of	macro.textLike
Contained by	form gramGrp quote core: note dictionaries: def
May contain	Empty element
Content model	<content> <valList type="closed"> <valItem ident="islemma.yes"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/overview/morphology.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/overview/morphology.html</ref> Boolean, is this a base form</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="abbr.yes"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Abbr.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Abbr.html</ref> Boolean feature. Is this an abbreviation?</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="poss.yes"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Poss.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Poss.html</ref> Boolean feature. Is this word possessive?</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="reflex.yes"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Reflex.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Reflex.html</ref> Boolean feature, typically of pronouns or determiners. It tells whether the word is reflexive, i.e. refers to the subject of its clause.?</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="prefix.yes"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Prefix.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Prefix.html</ref> Boolean feature, Is this a prefix word in a compound, that usually cannot stand on its own?</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="prontype.prs"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html</ref> personal pronoun or determiner</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="prontype.rcp"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html</ref> reciprocal pronoun</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="prontype.art"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html</ref> Article is a special case of determiner that bears the feature of definiteness</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="prontype.int"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html</ref> interrogative pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="prontype.rel"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html</ref> relative pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="prontype.ind"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html</ref> indefinite pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="prontype.emp"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html</ref> Emphatic pro-adjectives (determiners) emphasize the nominal they depend on.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="prontype.exc"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html</ref> exclamative determiner</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="prontype.dem"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html</ref> Demonstrative pronouns are often parallel to interrogatives.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="case.nom"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Case.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Case.html</ref> nominative</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="case.acc"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Case.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Case.html</ref> accusative</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="case.dat"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Case.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Case.html</ref> dative</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="case.gen"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Case.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Case.html</ref> genitive</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="case.ins"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Case.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Case.html</ref> instrumental / instructive</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="case.par"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Case.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Case.html</ref> partitive</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="tense.past"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Tense.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Tense.html</ref> past tense</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="tense.pres"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Tense.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Tense.html</ref> present tense</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="tense.fut"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Tense.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Tense.html</ref> future tense</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="voice.act"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Voice.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Voice.html</ref> The subject of the verb is the doer of the action (agent).</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="voice.pass"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Voice.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Voice.html</ref> The subject of the verb is affected by the action (patient).</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="number.sing"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Number.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Number.html</ref> A singular noun denotes one person, animal or thing.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="number.plur"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Number.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Number.html</ref> A plural noun denotes several persons, animals or things.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="number.ptan"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Number.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Number.html</ref> Plurale tantum, some nouns appear only in the plural form even though they denote one thing.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="number.coll"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Number.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Number.html</ref> Collective or mass or singulare tantum applies to words that use grammatical singular to describe sets of objects.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="person.1"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Person.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Person.html</ref> The first person refers just to the speaker / author and in plural one or more additional persons.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="person.2"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Person.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Person.html</ref> The second person refers to the addressee(s).</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="person.3"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Person.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Person.html</ref> The third person refers to one or more persons that are neither speakers nor addressees.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="verbtype.mod"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbType.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbType.html</ref> Verbs that take infinitive of another verb as argument and add various modes of possibility, necessity etc.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="verbtype.tense"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbType.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbType.html</ref> Verb used to create periphrastic verb forms (tenses, passives etc.).</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="verbform.inf"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbForm.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbForm.html</ref> Infinitive is the citation form of verbs in many languages.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="verbform.part"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbForm.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbForm.html</ref> Participle is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adjectives.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="verbform.ger"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbForm.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbForm.html</ref> Gerund is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and nouns.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="verbform.conv"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbForm.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbForm.html</ref> The converb, also called adverbial participle or transgressive, is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adverbs.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="polite.infm"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Polite.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Polite.html</ref> usually meant for communication with family members and close friends.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="polite.form"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Polite.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Polite.html</ref> usually meant for communication with strangers and people of higher social status.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="numtype.ord"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/NumType.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/NumType.html</ref> ordinal number (first, second,..)</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="numtype.card"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/NumType.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/NumType.html</ref> cardinal number (one, two, many,....)</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="degree.pos"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Degree.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Degree.html</ref> positive, first degree</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="degree.cmp"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Degree.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Degree.html</ref> comparative, second degree</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="degree.sup"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Degree.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Degree.html</ref> superlative, third degree</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="degree.dim"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Degree.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Degree.html</ref> Added to features in universaldependencies. Diminutive.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="mood.imp"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Mood.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Mood.html</ref> The speaker uses imperative to order or ask the addressee to do the action of the verb.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="mood.sub"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Mood.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Mood.html</ref> The subjunctive mood is used under certain circumstances in subordinate clauses, typically for actions that are subjective or otherwise uncertain.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="mood.ind"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Mood.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Mood.html</ref> A verb in indicative merely states that something happens, has happened or will happen.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="gender.masc"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Gender.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Gender.html</ref> masculine gender</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="gender.fem"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Gender.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Gender.html</ref> feminine gender</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="gender.neut"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Gender.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Gender.html</ref> neuter gender</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="gender.com"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Gender.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Gender.html</ref> Some languages do not distinguish masculine/feminine but they do distinguish neuter vs. non-neuter. The non-neuter is called common gender.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="hyph.yes"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/all.html#hyph-hyphenated-compound-or-part-of-it">https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/all.html#hyph-hyphenated-compound-or-part-of-it</ref> Is this part of a hyphenated compound? Depending on tokenization, the compound may be one token or be split to several tokens; then the tokens need tags.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="prodrop.yes"> <desc>Added for Frisian to MISC in universaldependencies. pronoun drop, omission of pronouns because they can be inferred</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="clitic.yes"> <desc>Added for Frisian to features in universaldependencies. Most personal pronouns have a clitic form, which is the result of either vowel deletion, vowel reduction, monophthongization or schwa deletion, while there are also cases of suppletion.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="inflection.infl"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. inflected</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="inflection.uninf"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. uninflected</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="suffix.yes"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies Boolean feature, Is this a suffix word in a compound, that usually cannot stand on its own?</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="valency.1"> <desc>An intransitive verb takes one argument (no object)</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="valency.2"> <desc>A monotransitive verb takes two arguments (of which one object)</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="valency.3"> <desc>A ditransitive verb takes three arguments (of which a direct and an indirect object)</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="convertedfrom.adj"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. adjective used as another category</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="convertedfrom.adv"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. adverb used as another category</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="convertedfrom.ver"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. verb used as another category</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="convertedfrom.num"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. numeral used as another category</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="convertedfrom.pro"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. pronomen used as another category</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="convertedfrom.part"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. verbform part used as another category</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="predicate.yes"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. statement about the subject</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="construction.attr"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. attributive</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.adj"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html</ref> Adjectives are words that typically modify nouns and specify their properties or attributes.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.adp"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html</ref> Adposition is a cover term for prepositions and postpositions.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.adv"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html</ref> Adverbs are words that typically modify verbs for such categories as time, place, direction or manner.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.aux"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html</ref> An auxiliary is a function word that accompanies the lexical verb of a verb phrase and expresses grammatical distinctions not carried by the lexical verb, such as person, number, tense, mood, aspect, voice or evidentiality.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.cconj"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html</ref> A coordinating conjunction is a word that links words or larger constituents without syntactically subordinating one to the other and expresses a semantic relationship between them.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.det"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html</ref> Determiners are words that modify nouns or noun phrases and express the reference of the noun phrase in context.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.intj"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html</ref> An interjection is a word that is used most often as an exclamation or part of an exclamation.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.noun"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html</ref> Nouns are a part of speech typically denoting a person, place, thing, animal or idea.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.num"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html</ref> A numeral is a word, functioning most typically as a determiner, adjective or pronoun, that expresses a number and a relation to the number, such as quantity, sequence, frequency or fraction.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.part"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html</ref> Particles are function words that must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning and that do not satisfy definitions of other universal parts of speech.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.pron"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html</ref> Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.propn"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html</ref> A proper noun is a noun (or nominal content word) that is the name (or part of the name) of a specific individual, place, or object.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.punct"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html</ref> Punctuation marks are non-alphabetical characters and character groups used in many languages to delimit linguistic units in printed text.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.conj"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html</ref> Not in universaldependencies. A conjunction is a conjunction that links constructions, where no assumption about the role of the constructions is made.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.sconj"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html</ref> A subordinating conjunction is a conjunction that links constructions by making one of them a constituent of the other.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.sym"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html</ref> A symbol is a word-like entity that differs from ordinary words by form, function, or both.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.verb"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html</ref> A verb is a member of the syntactic class of words that typically signal events and actions.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.x"> <desc> <ref target="https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html">https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html</ref> The tag X is used for words that for some reason cannot be assigned a real part-of-speech category.</desc> </valItem> </valList> </content> Legal values are: islemma.yes https://universaldependencies.org/u/overview/morphology.html Boolean, is this a base form abbr.yes https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Abbr.html Boolean feature. Is this an abbreviation? poss.yes https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Poss.html Boolean feature. Is this word possessive? reflex.yes https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Reflex.html Boolean feature, typically of pronouns or determiners. It tells whether the word is reflexive, i.e. refers to the subject of its clause.? prefix.yes https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Prefix.html Boolean feature, Is this a prefix word in a compound, that usually cannot stand on its own? prontype.prs https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html personal pronoun or determiner prontype.rcp https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html reciprocal pronoun prontype.art https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html Article is a special case of determiner that bears the feature of definiteness prontype.int https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html interrogative pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb prontype.rel https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html relative pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb prontype.ind https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html indefinite pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb prontype.emp https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html Emphatic pro-adjectives (determiners) emphasize the nominal they depend on. prontype.exc https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html exclamative determiner prontype.dem https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html Demonstrative pronouns are often parallel to interrogatives. case.nom https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Case.html nominative case.acc https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Case.html accusative case.dat https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Case.html dative case.gen https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Case.html genitive case.ins https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Case.html instrumental / instructive case.par https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Case.html partitive tense.past https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Tense.html past tense tense.pres https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Tense.html present tense tense.fut https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Tense.html future tense voice.act https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Voice.html The subject of the verb is the doer of the action (agent). voice.pass https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Voice.html The subject of the verb is affected by the action (patient). number.sing https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Number.html A singular noun denotes one person, animal or thing. number.plur https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Number.html A plural noun denotes several persons, animals or things. number.ptan https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Number.html Plurale tantum, some nouns appear only in the plural form even though they denote one thing. number.coll https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Number.html Collective or mass or singulare tantum applies to words that use grammatical singular to describe sets of objects. person.1 https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Person.html The first person refers just to the speaker / author and in plural one or more additional persons. person.2 https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Person.html The second person refers to the addressee(s). person.3 https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Person.html The third person refers to one or more persons that are neither speakers nor addressees. verbtype.mod https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbType.html Verbs that take infinitive of another verb as argument and add various modes of possibility, necessity etc. verbtype.tense https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbType.html Verb used to create periphrastic verb forms (tenses, passives etc.). verbform.inf https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbForm.html Infinitive is the citation form of verbs in many languages. verbform.part https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbForm.html Participle is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adjectives. verbform.ger https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbForm.html Gerund is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and nouns. verbform.conv https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbForm.html The converb, also called adverbial participle or transgressive, is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adverbs. polite.infm https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Polite.html usually meant for communication with family members and close friends. polite.form https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Polite.html usually meant for communication with strangers and people of higher social status. numtype.ord https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/NumType.html ordinal number (first, second,..) numtype.card https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/NumType.html cardinal number (one, two, many,....) degree.pos https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Degree.html positive, first degree degree.cmp https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Degree.html comparative, second degree degree.sup https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Degree.html superlative, third degree degree.dim https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Degree.html Added to features in universaldependencies. Diminutive. mood.imp https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Mood.html The speaker uses imperative to order or ask the addressee to do the action of the verb. mood.sub https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Mood.html The subjunctive mood is used under certain circumstances in subordinate clauses, typically for actions that are subjective or otherwise uncertain. mood.ind https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Mood.html A verb in indicative merely states that something happens, has happened or will happen. gender.masc https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Gender.html masculine gender gender.fem https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Gender.html feminine gender gender.neut https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Gender.html neuter gender gender.com https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Gender.html Some languages do not distinguish masculine/feminine but they do distinguish neuter vs. non-neuter. The non-neuter is called common gender. hyph.yes https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/all.html#hyph-hyphenated-compound-or-part-of-it Is this part of a hyphenated compound? Depending on tokenization, the compound may be one token or be split to several tokens; then the tokens need tags. prodrop.yes Added for Frisian to MISC in universaldependencies. pronoun drop, omission of pronouns because they can be inferred clitic.yes Added for Frisian to features in universaldependencies. Most personal pronouns have a clitic form, which is the result of either vowel deletion, vowel reduction, monophthongization or schwa deletion, while there are also cases of suppletion. inflection.infl Not in universaldependencies. inflected inflection.uninf Not in universaldependencies. uninflected suffix.yes Not in universaldependencies Boolean feature, Is this a suffix word in a compound, that usually cannot stand on its own? valency.1 An intransitive verb takes one argument (no object) valency.2 A monotransitive verb takes two arguments (of which one object) valency.3 A ditransitive verb takes three arguments (of which a direct and an indirect object) convertedfrom.adj Not in universaldependencies. adjective used as another category convertedfrom.adv Not in universaldependencies. adverb used as another category convertedfrom.ver Not in universaldependencies. verb used as another category convertedfrom.num Not in universaldependencies. numeral used as another category convertedfrom.pro Not in universaldependencies. pronomen used as another category convertedfrom.part Not in universaldependencies. verbform part used as another category predicate.yes Not in universaldependencies. statement about the subject construction.attr Not in universaldependencies. attributive pos.adj https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html Adjectives are words that typically modify nouns and specify their properties or attributes. pos.adp https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html Adposition is a cover term for prepositions and postpositions. pos.adv https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html Adverbs are words that typically modify verbs for such categories as time, place, direction or manner. pos.aux https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html An auxiliary is a function word that accompanies the lexical verb of a verb phrase and expresses grammatical distinctions not carried by the lexical verb, such as person, number, tense, mood, aspect, voice or evidentiality. pos.cconj https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html A coordinating conjunction is a word that links words or larger constituents without syntactically subordinating one to the other and expresses a semantic relationship between them. pos.det https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html Determiners are words that modify nouns or noun phrases and express the reference of the noun phrase in context. pos.intj https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html An interjection is a word that is used most often as an exclamation or part of an exclamation. pos.noun https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html Nouns are a part of speech typically denoting a person, place, thing, animal or idea. pos.num https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html A numeral is a word, functioning most typically as a determiner, adjective or pronoun, that expresses a number and a relation to the number, such as quantity, sequence, frequency or fraction. pos.part https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html Particles are function words that must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning and that do not satisfy definitions of other universal parts of speech. pos.pron https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context. pos.propn https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html A proper noun is a noun (or nominal content word) that is the name (or part of the name) of a specific individual, place, or object. pos.punct https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html Punctuation marks are non-alphabetical characters and character groups used in many languages to delimit linguistic units in printed text. pos.conj https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html Not in universaldependencies. A conjunction is a conjunction that links constructions, where no assumption about the role of the constructions is made. pos.sconj https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html A subordinating conjunction is a conjunction that links constructions by making one of them a constituent of the other. pos.sym https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html A symbol is a word-like entity that differs from ordinary words by form, function, or both. pos.verb https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html A verb is a member of the syntactic class of words that typically signal events and actions. pos.x https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html The tag X is used for words that for some reason cannot be assigned a real part-of-speech category.
Schema Declaration	element gram { "islemma.yes" \| "abbr.yes" \| "poss.yes" \| "reflex.yes" \| "prefix.yes" \| "prontype.prs" \| "prontype.rcp" \| "prontype.art" \| "prontype.int" \| "prontype.rel" \| "prontype.ind" \| "prontype.emp" \| "prontype.exc" \| "prontype.dem" \| "case.nom" \| "case.acc" \| "case.dat" \| "case.gen" \| "case.ins" \| "case.par" \| "tense.past" \| "tense.pres" \| "tense.fut" \| "voice.act" \| "voice.pass" \| "number.sing" \| "number.plur" \| "number.ptan" \| "number.coll" \| "person.1" \| "person.2" \| "person.3" \| "verbtype.mod" \| "verbtype.tense" \| "verbform.inf" \| "verbform.part" \| "verbform.ger" \| "verbform.conv" \| "polite.infm" \| "polite.form" \| "numtype.ord" \| "numtype.card" \| "degree.pos" \| "degree.cmp" \| "degree.sup" \| "degree.dim" \| "mood.imp" \| "mood.sub" \| "mood.ind" \| "gender.masc" \| "gender.fem" \| "gender.neut" \| "gender.com" \| "hyph.yes" \| "prodrop.yes" \| "clitic.yes" \| "inflection.infl" \| "inflection.uninf" \| "suffix.yes" \| "valency.1" \| "valency.2" \| "valency.3" \| "convertedfrom.adj" \| "convertedfrom.adv" \| "convertedfrom.ver" \| "convertedfrom.num" \| "convertedfrom.pro" \| "convertedfrom.part" \| "predicate.yes" \| "construction.attr" \| "pos.adj" \| "pos.adp" \| "pos.adv" \| "pos.aux" \| "pos.cconj" \| "pos.det" \| "pos.intj" \| "pos.noun" \| "pos.num" \| "pos.part" \| "pos.pron" \| "pos.propn" \| "pos.punct" \| "pos.conj" \| "pos.sconj" \| "pos.sym" \| "pos.verb" \| "pos.x" } Legal values are: islemma.yes https://universaldependencies.org/u/overview/morphology.html Boolean, is this a base form abbr.yes https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Abbr.html Boolean feature. Is this an abbreviation? poss.yes https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Poss.html Boolean feature. Is this word possessive? reflex.yes https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Reflex.html Boolean feature, typically of pronouns or determiners. It tells whether the word is reflexive, i.e. refers to the subject of its clause.? prefix.yes https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Prefix.html Boolean feature, Is this a prefix word in a compound, that usually cannot stand on its own? prontype.prs https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html personal pronoun or determiner prontype.rcp https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html reciprocal pronoun prontype.art https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html Article is a special case of determiner that bears the feature of definiteness prontype.int https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html interrogative pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb prontype.rel https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html relative pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb prontype.ind https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html indefinite pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb prontype.emp https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html Emphatic pro-adjectives (determiners) emphasize the nominal they depend on. prontype.exc https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html exclamative determiner prontype.dem https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/PronType.html Demonstrative pronouns are often parallel to interrogatives. case.nom https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Case.html nominative case.acc https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Case.html accusative case.dat https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Case.html dative case.gen https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Case.html genitive case.ins https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Case.html instrumental / instructive case.par https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Case.html partitive tense.past https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Tense.html past tense tense.pres https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Tense.html present tense tense.fut https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Tense.html future tense voice.act https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Voice.html The subject of the verb is the doer of the action (agent). voice.pass https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Voice.html The subject of the verb is affected by the action (patient). number.sing https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Number.html A singular noun denotes one person, animal or thing. number.plur https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Number.html A plural noun denotes several persons, animals or things. number.ptan https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Number.html Plurale tantum, some nouns appear only in the plural form even though they denote one thing. number.coll https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Number.html Collective or mass or singulare tantum applies to words that use grammatical singular to describe sets of objects. person.1 https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Person.html The first person refers just to the speaker / author and in plural one or more additional persons. person.2 https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Person.html The second person refers to the addressee(s). person.3 https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Person.html The third person refers to one or more persons that are neither speakers nor addressees. verbtype.mod https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbType.html Verbs that take infinitive of another verb as argument and add various modes of possibility, necessity etc. verbtype.tense https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbType.html Verb used to create periphrastic verb forms (tenses, passives etc.). verbform.inf https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbForm.html Infinitive is the citation form of verbs in many languages. verbform.part https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbForm.html Participle is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adjectives. verbform.ger https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbForm.html Gerund is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and nouns. verbform.conv https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/VerbForm.html The converb, also called adverbial participle or transgressive, is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adverbs. polite.infm https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Polite.html usually meant for communication with family members and close friends. polite.form https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Polite.html usually meant for communication with strangers and people of higher social status. numtype.ord https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/NumType.html ordinal number (first, second,..) numtype.card https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/NumType.html cardinal number (one, two, many,....) degree.pos https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Degree.html positive, first degree degree.cmp https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Degree.html comparative, second degree degree.sup https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Degree.html superlative, third degree degree.dim https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Degree.html Added to features in universaldependencies. Diminutive. mood.imp https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Mood.html The speaker uses imperative to order or ask the addressee to do the action of the verb. mood.sub https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Mood.html The subjunctive mood is used under certain circumstances in subordinate clauses, typically for actions that are subjective or otherwise uncertain. mood.ind https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Mood.html A verb in indicative merely states that something happens, has happened or will happen. gender.masc https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Gender.html masculine gender gender.fem https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Gender.html feminine gender gender.neut https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Gender.html neuter gender gender.com https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Gender.html Some languages do not distinguish masculine/feminine but they do distinguish neuter vs. non-neuter. The non-neuter is called common gender. hyph.yes https://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/all.html#hyph-hyphenated-compound-or-part-of-it Is this part of a hyphenated compound? Depending on tokenization, the compound may be one token or be split to several tokens; then the tokens need tags. prodrop.yes Added for Frisian to MISC in universaldependencies. pronoun drop, omission of pronouns because they can be inferred clitic.yes Added for Frisian to features in universaldependencies. Most personal pronouns have a clitic form, which is the result of either vowel deletion, vowel reduction, monophthongization or schwa deletion, while there are also cases of suppletion. inflection.infl Not in universaldependencies. inflected inflection.uninf Not in universaldependencies. uninflected suffix.yes Not in universaldependencies Boolean feature, Is this a suffix word in a compound, that usually cannot stand on its own? valency.1 An intransitive verb takes one argument (no object) valency.2 A monotransitive verb takes two arguments (of which one object) valency.3 A ditransitive verb takes three arguments (of which a direct and an indirect object) convertedfrom.adj Not in universaldependencies. adjective used as another category convertedfrom.adv Not in universaldependencies. adverb used as another category convertedfrom.ver Not in universaldependencies. verb used as another category convertedfrom.num Not in universaldependencies. numeral used as another category convertedfrom.pro Not in universaldependencies. pronomen used as another category convertedfrom.part Not in universaldependencies. verbform part used as another category predicate.yes Not in universaldependencies. statement about the subject construction.attr Not in universaldependencies. attributive pos.adj https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html Adjectives are words that typically modify nouns and specify their properties or attributes. pos.adp https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html Adposition is a cover term for prepositions and postpositions. pos.adv https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html Adverbs are words that typically modify verbs for such categories as time, place, direction or manner. pos.aux https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html An auxiliary is a function word that accompanies the lexical verb of a verb phrase and expresses grammatical distinctions not carried by the lexical verb, such as person, number, tense, mood, aspect, voice or evidentiality. pos.cconj https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html A coordinating conjunction is a word that links words or larger constituents without syntactically subordinating one to the other and expresses a semantic relationship between them. pos.det https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html Determiners are words that modify nouns or noun phrases and express the reference of the noun phrase in context. pos.intj https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html An interjection is a word that is used most often as an exclamation or part of an exclamation. pos.noun https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html Nouns are a part of speech typically denoting a person, place, thing, animal or idea. pos.num https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html A numeral is a word, functioning most typically as a determiner, adjective or pronoun, that expresses a number and a relation to the number, such as quantity, sequence, frequency or fraction. pos.part https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html Particles are function words that must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning and that do not satisfy definitions of other universal parts of speech. pos.pron https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context. pos.propn https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html A proper noun is a noun (or nominal content word) that is the name (or part of the name) of a specific individual, place, or object. pos.punct https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html Punctuation marks are non-alphabetical characters and character groups used in many languages to delimit linguistic units in printed text. pos.conj https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html Not in universaldependencies. A conjunction is a conjunction that links constructions, where no assumption about the role of the constructions is made. pos.sconj https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html A subordinating conjunction is a conjunction that links constructions by making one of them a constituent of the other. pos.sym https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html A symbol is a word-like entity that differs from ordinary words by form, function, or both. pos.verb https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html A verb is a member of the syntactic class of words that typically signal events and actions. pos.x https://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/index.html The tag X is used for words that for some reason cannot be assigned a real part-of-speech category.

<gramGrp>

<gramGrp> Groups together gram elements
Contained by	form
May contain	gram
Content model	<content> <elementRef key="gram" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </content>
Schema Declaration	element gramGrp { gram* }

<msIdentifier>

<msIdentifier>
Module	msdescription
Contained by	—
May contain	Empty element
Schematron

<note>

<note>
Module	core
Contained by	cit entry form quote sense dictionaries: def
May contain	article gram character data
Content model	<content> <alternate minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <elementRef key="etym"/> <macroRef key="macro.textLike"/> </alternate> </content>
Schema Declaration	element note { ( etym \| macro.textLike )* }

<purpose>

<purpose> Purpose is used to indicate the capabilities of a dictionary in its @type attribute, when a certain capability is present this implies it is viable to query for data belonging to the capability. Clients are free to either or not act upon the registered capabilities.

Attributes

type

The type attirbute denotes a capability

Status	Required
Datatype	teidata.enumerated
Legal values are:	formtranslation The dictionary can be used for form translations textsearch The dictionary can be used for searching text synonyms The dictionary can be used for synonyms variants The dictionary can be used for variants compounds The dictionary can be used for compounds pronunciation The dictionary can be used for pronunciation hyphenation The dictionary can be used for hyphenation usage The dictionary can be used for usage information for forms or text stress The dictionary can be used for word stress definition The dictionary can be used for definitions of forms or text grammar The dictionary can be used for grammar among which part of speech paradigm The dictionary can be used for paradigm examples The dictionary can be used for examples collocations The dictionary can be used for collocations proverbs The dictionary can be used for proverbs

Contained by

—

May contain

Empty element

<quote>

<quote> A quote contains text (with hi, q and ref) and optionally etymological or bibliographical information or a note.
Contained by	cit
May contain	article gram core: note character data
Content model	<content> <macroRef key="macro.textLike"/> <elementRef key="etym" minOccurs="0"/> <elementRef key="bibl" minOccurs="0"/> <elementRef key="note" minOccurs="0"/> </content>
Schema Declaration	element quote { macro.textLike, etym?, bibl?, note? }

<sense>

<sense> A sense contains zero or more ref, def, note and translations, examples, proverbs or collocations in cit elements, followed by an optional form
Contained by	cit entry
May contain	cit form core: note dictionaries: def
Content model	<content> <sequence> <alternate minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <elementRef key="ref"/> <elementRef key="def"/> <elementRef key="cit"/> <elementRef key="note"/> </alternate> <elementRef key="form" minOccurs="0"/> </sequence> </content>
Schema Declaration	element sense { ( ref \| def \| cit \| note )*, form? }

<superEntry>

<superEntry> A superEntry contains entries that are grouped together, for example for homonyms
Contained by	body
May contain	entry
Content model	<content> <elementRef key="entry" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </content>
Schema Declaration	element superEntry { entry+ }

<TEI>

<TEI> Each article is a TEI document with a teiHeader holding at least an msIdentifier/idno for the article. The contents of the article can be found under body/text. msIdentifier/collection/@ref points to metainfo of the dictionary.

Attributes

linguisticsversion

Status	Required
Datatype	teidata.enumerated
Legal values are:	1 2

Contained by

teiCorpus

May contain

text

Schematron

<s:assert test="tei:teiHeader/tei:fileDesc/tei:sourceDesc/tei:msDesc/tei:msIdentifier/tei:idno">
<s:value-of select="tei:teiHeader/tei:fileDesc/tei:titleStmt/tei:title"/>: missing
teiHeader/fileDesc/sourceDesc/msDesc/msIdentifier/idno.
</s:assert>

Content model

<content>
 <sequence>
  <elementRef key="teiHeader"/>
  <elementRef key="text"/>
 </sequence>
</content>

Schema Declaration

element TEI
{
   attribute linguisticsversion { "1" | "2" },
   ( teiHeader, text )
}

<teiCorpus>

<teiCorpus> A teiCorpus document contains a teiHeader with meta information about the dictionary. It may contain the articles in nested TEI elements, but the default application expects articles in separate TEI documents where collection/@ref points to the file containing dictionary metainfo in teiCorpus/teiHeader.
Contained by	—
May contain	TEI
Content model	<content> <elementRef key="teiHeader"/> <elementRef key="TEI" maxOccurs="unbounded" minOccurs="0"/> </content>
Schema Declaration	element teiCorpus { teiHeader, TEI* }

<text>

<text> A text container contains a body
Contained by	TEI
May contain	body
Content model	<content> <elementRef key="body"/> </content>
Schema Declaration	element text { body }

<textDesc>

<textDesc> Use textDesc/purpose to indicate the capabilities of a dictionary, so clients can know what it can be used for
Contained by	—
May contain	Empty element
Schematron	<s:assert test="ancestor::tei:teiHeader[parent::tei:teiCorpus]"> <s:value-of select="ancestor::tei:TEI/tei:teiHeader/tei:fileDesc/tei:sourceDesc/tei:msDesc/tei:msIdentifier/tei:idno"/> : textDesc/purpose should be in teiCorpus/teiHeader not in TEI/teiHeader </s:assert>

<usg>

<usg> usage information for forms or text

Attributes

type

Status

Required

Suggested values include:

lang: used in a certain language (variant)
time: used in a certain time, for example old, 18th century, etc.
freq: frequency information, for example rare, often etc.
connotation: (secondary) meaning or association
hint: a hint for usage
style: style (figurative, literal, etc.)
geo: used in a certain geographical area
medium: used in a certain medium, for example speech or movie
domain: used in a certain domain, for example medical

Contained by

—

May contain

Empty element

Schema tei_dictionaries: Attribute classes

att.namekinds

Module

namesdates

Members

form

Attributes

namekind

A namekind attribute can be used on form elements to indicate what kind of name it is, for example a place or a person.

Status	Optional
Datatype	teidata.enumerated
Legal values are:	countryName placeName see description for placeName element geoName see description for geoName element orgName see description for orgName element personName see description for personName element animalName plantName birdName

Schema tei_dictionaries: Macros

macro.textLike

macro.textLike Several elements (i.e. def, quote and note) can contain text with simple styling and references. In note one may want to explain forms, for this several elements for characteristics of forms can be used.
Used by	def note quote
Content model	<content> <alternate minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <textNode/> <elementRef key="q"/> <elementRef key="hi"/> <elementRef key="ref"/> <elementRef key="pron"/> <elementRef key="stress"/> <elementRef key="gram"/> <elementRef key="article"/> </alternate> </content>
Declaration	macro.textLike = ( text \| q \| hi \| ref \| pron \| stress \| gram \| article )*

Odd for TEI based dictionariesEduard Drenth (ed.)

Editor: Eduard Drenth2023-05

Schema tei_dictionaries: Elements

<article>

<body>

<cit>

<def>

<entry>

<form>

<gram>

<gramGrp>

<msIdentifier>

<note>

<purpose>

<quote>

<sense>

<superEntry>

<TEI>

<teiCorpus>

<text>

<textDesc>

<usg>

Schema tei_dictionaries: Attribute classes

att.namekinds

Schema tei_dictionaries: Macros

macro.textLike